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"name": "谷川東子"
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{
"name": "高橋正通"
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{
"name": "今矢明宏"
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{
"name": "稲垣善之"
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{
"name": "石塚和裕"
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{
"name": "Toko Tanikawa"
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{
"name": "Masamichi Takahashi"
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{
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"ja": "アンディソルとインセプティソルにおける硫酸イオンの土壌断面分布と現存量 ―吸着態および溶存態硫酸イオンについて―.",
"en": "Vertical distributions and accumulations of sulfate in Andisols and Inceptisols –Adsorbed and soluble sulfate fractions-"
},
"association": {
"ja": "日本土壌肥料学会",
"en": "Japanese Society of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition"
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"description": {
"ja": "アンディソルとインセプティソルにおける硫酸イオンの現存量を調査し,以下のことを明らかにした.\n1) 吸着態硫酸イオンが主体であるPO#D4#DR可溶性Sは全Sの約30 %を占める主要な画分であり,その含有率はアンディソルでは16~880 mg S kg#U-1#URと高く,インセプティソルでは10~296 mg S kg#U-1#URと低く,明瞭な差があった.また欧米の土壌の既報値に比べ,本邦のアンディソルが含有する吸着態硫酸イオンは著しく多く,全Sに占める割合も高かった.\n2) 溶存態硫酸イオン(Cl可溶性Sおよび水溶性S)は両土壌でPO#D4#DR可溶性Sよりも含有率が有意に低く,全Sの10 %に満たなかった.そのため硫酸イオンはほとんど吸着態で存在していることが明らかになった.\n3) 両土壌におけるPO#D4#DR可溶性Sの断面プロファイルは,表層で低く50cm~1m深で最大値に達する特徴をもっており,とくにメラニューダンドでは最大値に達してからも,高い含有率が下層で維持されていた.\n4) PO#D4#DR可溶性Sは,硫酸イオン吸着能をもつ鉄やアルミニウムの酸化物,とくに腐植複合体画分を除いた非晶質酸化物やアロフェンといった非晶質粘土鉱物,さらに結晶質鉄酸化物の存在に影響を受けていると推察された.溶存態硫酸イオンのうち,交換性硫酸イオン含有率もまたこれらの土壌因子に影響を受けていることが示された.\n5) メラニューダンドの下層では,硫酸イオン吸着能が著しく高く,その高い硫酸イオン吸着能が水溶性硫酸イオン含有率を低く維持していることが推察された.\n6) 表層から1 m深まで積算したPO#D4#DR可溶性Sの現存量は,アンディソルでは870~2670 kg S ha#U-1#UR,インセプティソルでは91~1440 kg S ha#U-1#UR であった.溶存態硫酸イオンの現存量はPO4可溶性Sにくらべ著しく低く,表層から1 m深までの積算で,Cl可溶性Sはアンディソルで17~103 kg S ha#U-1#UR,インセプティソルで13~144 kg S ha#U-1#UR,水溶性Sの現存量はアンディソルで23~56 kg S ha#U-1#UR,インセプティソルで26~91 kg S ha#U-1#URであった.",
"en": "Distributions and accumulations of sulfate in soil profiles of Japanese Andisols and Inceptisols under forest vegetation were investigated. The concentration of phosphate-extractable sulfate increased with depth, reaching its maximum at around 50-100 cm depth. Andisols contained a significantly larger amount of phosphate-extractable sulfate (16-880 mg S kg#U-1#UR) than Inceptisols (10-296 mg S kg#U-1#UR). This high concentration of PO4-extractable S in Andisols was larger than those in other soils reported in North America and Europe. The concentrations of chloride-extractable and water-soluble sulfate were significantly lower than that of phosphate-extractable sulfate in both soils. Thus, adsorbed sulfate was the predominant form of sulfate in the soils, accounting for about 30 % of total sulfur in Andisols and Inceptisols. \nThe strong correlations between phosphate-extractable sulfate and inorganic amorphous aluminum and iron oxides, crystalline iron oxide and allophane indicated that these oxides and clay minerals contribute to sulfate adsorption. The relationships between chloride-extractable sulfate and the minerals show that the minerals also affect the exchangeable sulfate concentration. In addition, the large amount of minerals apparently results in a high sulfate adsorption capacity that keeps the concentration of water-soluble sulfate low in subsoils of Melanudands. \nThe accumulation of phosphate-extractable sulfate down to 1 m depth ranged from 870 to 2670 kg S ha#U-1#UR in Andisols,and from 91 to 1440 kg S ha#U-1#UR in Inceptisols. These high accumulations of sulfate mean that the sulfate adsorption mechanism is important to retain sulfur compounds in Japanese forest soils."
},
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"en": "Effect of sprouting and corresponding root distribution of the shrub species Eurya japonica on slope stability"
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"en": [
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"name": "Keitaro Yamase"
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{
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{
"name": "Mai Imawaka"
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{
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{
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"en": "Fungi and bacteria in the rhizosphere of Cryptomeria japonica exhibited different community assembly patterns at regional scales in East Asia"
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"en": [
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"name": "Keisuke Obase"
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{
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{
"name": "Chien-Fan Chen"
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"paper_title": {
"en": "Soil acidity accelerates soil organic matter decomposition in Cryptomeria japonica stands and Chamaecyparis obtusa stands"
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"authors": {
"en": [
{
"name": "Ryota Hayashi"
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{
"name": "Nagamitsu Maie"
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{
"name": "Rota Wagai"
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{
"name": "Yasuhiro Hirano"
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{
"name": "Yosuke Matsuda"
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{
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{
"name": "Ryusei Wada"
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{
"name": "Toko Tanikawa"
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"en": "Springer Science and Business Media LLC"
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"en": "Plant and Soil"
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"paper_title": {
"en": "Archaeal community structures associated with fine root systems of Cryptomeria japonica (Cupressaceae) in central Japan"
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"authors": {
"en": [
{
"name": "Taichiro Mine"
},
{
"name": "Yudai Kitagami"
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{
"name": "Toko Tanikawa"
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{
"name": "Yosuke Matsuda"
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"description": {
"en": "Archaea live in extreme environments and have been found in non-extreme environments in recent years. Although most studies have focused on the nitrification function of archaea in forest soils, few studies have focused on how archaea in rhizospheres are involved in nutrient absorption. To elucidate the archaeal community pattern inhabiting the fine roots of trees, we examined the taxonomic identity and community structure of archaea in Japanese cedars (Cryptomeria japonica). Root samples were collected from six C. japonica plantations in central Japan. DNA was separately extracted from the first- and third-order roots, and archaeal taxa were determined by the cloning method focusing on 16S rDNA. As a result, 90% of the sequences were classified as in the phylum Thaumarchaeota, with 1.1b and 1.1c groups in the phylum accounting for 65% and 25%, respectively. Archaeal community structures were significantly correlated with soil pH, but neither the root orders nor the plantation sites showed significant clustering. These results suggest that Thaumarchaeota is the dominant archaeal group in the fine roots of C. japonica, and community structures are affected by a proximate chemical factor of soil acidity."
},
"publisher": {
"en": "TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD"
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"en": "JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH"
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"number": "1",
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"eng"
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"ja": "里山林伐採後の樹木根による土壌補強強度の変化"
},
"authors": {
"ja": [
{
"name": "山瀬敬太郎"
},
{
"name": "藤堂千景"
},
{
"name": "鳥居宣之"
},
{
"name": "谷川東子"
},
{
"name": "山本智究"
},
{
"name": "池野英利"
},
{
"name": "大橋瑞江"
},
{
"name": "檀浦正子"
},
{
"name": "平野恭弘"
}
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},
"publication_date": "2022-10",
"publication_name": {
"ja": "水利科学"
},
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"jpn"
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"paper_title": {
"en": "Contrasting patterns of nitrogen release from fine roots and leaves driven by microbial communities during decomposition."
},
"authors": {
"en": [
{
"name": "Toko Tanikawa"
},
{
"name": "Nagamitsu Maie"
},
{
"name": "Saori Fujii"
},
{
"name": "Lijuan Sun"
},
{
"name": "Yasuhiro Hirano"
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{
"name": "Takeo Mizoguchi"
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{
"name": "Yosuke Matsuda"
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"description": {
"en": "Leachate from decaying root and leaf litter plays crucial roles in soil biogeochemical processes in forest ecosystems. Unlike for leaf litter, however, the chemical composition and microbial community of root litter leachate are poorly understood. We hypothesized that both leachate nitrogen (N) composition and microbial communities differ between plant organs and decomposition stages and that leachate composition affects microbial community composition. We conducted a 2.5-year laboratory incubation using root and leaf substrate from Cryptomeria japonica and Chamaecyparis obtusa. We monitored the N forms released and used metabarcoding to characterize the microbial communities. Leachate N accounted for 40 % and 30 % of net N losses from C. japonica and C. obtusa roots, respectively; the remainder was probably lost in gaseous forms. In contrast, leaves absorbed N during the incubation regardless of tree species. The predominant N form in root leachate was nitrate (NO3-); cumulative NO3- quantity was 22.6 and 25.5 times greater in root than in leaf leachate for C. japonica and C. obtusa, respectively. A nitrifying bacterium was selected as the indicator taxon in root substrates, whereas many families of N-fixing bacteria were selected in leaf substrates. At the end of the incubation period, bacterial taxonomic diversity was high in both organs from both tree species, ranging from 177 to 339 taxa and increasing with time. However, fungal diversity was low for both organs (72 to 155 taxa). Shifts in bacterial community structure were related to NO3- concentration and leachate pH, whereas shifts in fungal community structure were related to leachate pH. These results suggest that the contrasting N dynamics of root and leaf substrates are strongly affected by the characteristics of and the microbes recruited by their leachates. Understanding organ-specific litter N dynamics is indispensable for predicting N cycling for optimal management of forest ecosystems in a changing world."
},
"publication_date": "2022-09-15",
"publication_name": {
"en": "The Science of the total environment"
},
"volume": "855",
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"ending_page": "158809",
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"eng"
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"paper_title": {
"en": "Maximum rooting depth of Pinus thunbergii Parl. estimated with depth at the center point of rotation in a tree-pulling experiment in a coastal forest in Japan"
},
"authors": {
"en": [
{
"name": "Chikage Todo"
},
{
"name": "Keitaro Yamase"
},
{
"name": "Hidetoshi Ikeno"
},
{
"name": "Toko Tanikawa"
},
{
"name": "Mizue Ohashi"
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{
"name": "Yasuhiro Hirano"
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"description": {
"en": "Tree resistance to uprooting can be estimated as the critical turning moment in tree-pulling experiments. The depth at the center point of rotation (Dcp) in tree-pulling experiments is measured as an indicator of below-ground traits and is related to this critical turning moment. However, few researchers have investigated the relationship between the Dcp and maximum root depth. Our objective in this study was to clarify whether the Dcp in tree-pulling experiments can be estimated as the maximum root depth of Pinus thunbergii Parl. in sandy soils. We also estimated which position of displacement of the center of rotation (Cp) can be applied as the Dcp. We conducted tree-pulling experiments, and compared the Dcp obtained from images with the measured maximum root depth. We found significant positive correlations between the Dcp and maximum root depth. The Cp displacement concentrated immediately below the stem when the maximum critical turning moment was reached. This position should be measured as the Dcp, which is related to the maximum root depth. We found that the Dcp can serve as a parameter, preventing the need for uprooting, when tree-pulling experiments are performed to obtain an important below-ground trait for understanding the critical turning moment."
},
"publisher": {
"en": "MDPI AG"
},
"publication_date": "2022-09",
"publication_name": {
"en": "Forests"
},
"volume": "13",
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"paper_title": {
"en": "An increase of fine-root biomass in nutrient-poor soils increases soil organic matter but not soil cation exchange capacity"
},
"authors": {
"en": [
{
"name": "Hayashi, R"
},
{
"name": "Maie, N"
},
{
"name": "Wagai, R"
},
{
"name": "Hirano, Y"
},
{
"name": "Matsuda, Y"
},
{
"name": "Makita, N"
},
{
"name": "Mizoguchi, T"
},
{
"name": "Wada, R"
},
{
"name": "Tanikawa, T"
}
]
},
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"paper_title": {
"ja": "シンポジウム「震災から10年:津波にねばり強い海岸林(もり)づくりの「これまで」と「これから」」の開催報告",
"en": "Report on the symposium “Ten years after the earthquake: the ‘past’ and ‘future’ of afforestation/reforestation of coastal forests with high tsunami resilience”"
},
"authors": {
"ja": [
{
"name": "小野 賢二"
},
{
"name": "野口 宏典"
},
{
"name": "吉田 俊通"
},
{
"name": "藤田 早紀"
},
{
"name": "渡辺 名月"
},
{
"name": "新田 響平"
},
{
"name": "大谷 達也"
},
{
"name": "太田 敬之"
},
{
"name": "谷川 東子"
},
{
"name": "平野 恭弘"
},
{
"name": "渡邉 仁志"
},
{
"name": "山下 尚之"
}
],
"en": [
{
"name": "Ono Kenji"
},
{
"name": "Noguchi Hironori"
},
{
"name": "Yoshida Toshimichi"
},
{
"name": "Fujita Saki"
},
{
"name": "Watanabe Natsuki"
},
{
"name": "Nitta Kyohei"
},
{
"name": "Otani Tatsuya"
},
{
"name": "Ota Takayuki"
},
{
"name": "Tanikawa Toko"
},
{
"name": "Hirano Yasuhiro"
},
{
"name": "Watanabe Hitoshi"
},
{
"name": "Yamashita Naoyuki"
}
]
},
"publisher": {
"ja": "森林立地学会",
"en": "The Japanese Society of Forest Environment"
},
"publication_date": "2022-06-25",
"publication_name": {
"ja": "森林立地",
"en": "Japanese Journal of Forest Environment"
},
"volume": "64",
"number": "1",
"starting_page": "39",
"ending_page": "44",
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"jpn"
],
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"doi": [
"10.18922/jjfe.64.1_39"
],
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"0388-8673"
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"2189-6275"
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"1390011231115219712"
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"paper_title": {
"ja": "森林生態系に蓄積した大気汚染レガシーの気象変動による可動化",
"en": "Mobilization of air-pollution legacy accumulated in forest ecosystems under changing meteorological conditions"
},
"authors": {
"ja": [
{
"name": "佐瀨 裕之"
},
{
"name": "谷川 東子"
},
{
"name": "山下 尚之"
},
{
"name": "藪崎 志穂"
},
{
"name": "諸橋 将雪"
},
{
"name": "四柳 宏基"
},
{
"name": "黒川 純一"
}
],
"en": [
{
"name": "Sase Hiroyuki"
},
{
"name": "Tanikawa Toko"
},
{
"name": "Yamashita Naoyuki"
},
{
"name": "Yabusaki Shiho"
},
{
"name": "Morohashi Masayuki"
},
{
"name": "Yotsuyanagi Hiroki"
},
{
"name": "Kurokawa Jun'ichi"
}
]
},
"description": {
"ja": "産業革命以来長期に渡り放出された、化石燃料燃焼等に由来する大気汚染物質は、酸性雨や越境大気汚染問題を引き起こし、その沈着による森林生態系への悪影響が懸念されてきた。物質によっては、大気汚染が改善した後も生態系内で長く循環・保持されており、そのようなレガシー(遺物)が、気象変動により可動化し、物質循環系を撹乱し生態系の回復(例えば酸性化から)を阻害する可能性がある。特に硫黄(S)は、近年まで続いた国内及び越境大気汚染による長期的かつ大量な負荷に加え、土壌に吸着・保持される性質から、大気汚染レガシーが大きいと考えられる。中部日本の太平洋側(伊自良湖)と日本海側(加治川)の森林集水域において、その蓄積と流出の可能性を検討した。伊自良湖では、地質由来のSの影響が大きいが、大気沈着由来のSは土壌・植生系に蓄積しており(Sase et al. 2019, Biogeochemistry)、有機態Sがその多くを占めることが明らかになった(Tanikawa et al. 2022, Geoderma)。1990年代半ばに極端気象とともに見られた河川への急激なS流出は、有機態Sの無機化によると考えられ、今後も同様の現象が生じる可能性とともに、さらなる研究の必要性を示唆した。",
"en": "[in Japanese]"
},
"publisher": {
"ja": "日本森林学会",
"en": "THE JAPANESE FORESTRY SOCIETY"
},
"publication_date": "2022-05-30",
"publication_name": {
"ja": "日本森林学会大会発表データベース",
"en": "The Japanese Forest Society Congress"
},
"volume": "133",
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"paper_title": {
"en": "3D reconstruction using Structure-from-Motion: a new technique for morphological measurement of tree root systems"
},
"authors": {
"en": [
{
"name": "Yuki Okamoto"
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{
"name": "Hidetoshi Ikeno"
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{
"name": "Yasuhiro Hirano"
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{
"name": "Toko Tanikawa"
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{
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{
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{
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{
"name": "Mizue Ohashi"
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"publication_date": "2022-05-12",
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"paper_title": {
"ja": "スギ根系が抱きかかえている土壌の量はどれくらい?-台風21号が地上に残した根鉢の解体-"
},
"authors": {
"ja": [
{
"name": "谷川東子"
},
{
"name": "池野英利"
},
{
"name": "藤堂千景"
},
{
"name": "山瀬敬太郎"
},
{
"name": "大橋瑞江"
},
{
"name": "岡本透"
},
{
"name": "溝口岳男"
},
{
"name": "中尾勝洋"
},
{
"name": "金子真司"
},
{
"name": "鳥居厚志"
},
{
"name": "稲垣善之"
},
{
"name": "中西麻美"
},
{
"name": "平野恭弘"
}
]
},
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"publication_date": "2022-02",
"publication_name": {
"ja": "水利科学"
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"paper_title": {
"en": "Sulfur accumulation in soil in a forested watershed historically exposed to air pollution in central Japan"
},
"authors": {
"en": [
{
"name": "Toko Tanikawa"
},
{
"name": "Hiroyuki Sase"
},
{
"name": "Sei Fukushima"
},
{
"name": "Yoshiaki Ito"
},
{
"name": "Michiru Yamashita"
},
{
"name": "Naoyuki Yamashita"
},
{
"name": "Masato Kamisako"
},
{
"name": "Akifumi Sugiyama"
},
{
"name": "Akihiro Imaya"
},
{
"name": "Takuya Ishida"
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{
"name": "Chisato Takenaka"
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{
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"publisher": {
"en": "Elsevier BV"
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"publication_date": "2022-02",
"publication_name": {
"en": "Geoderma"
},
"volume": "407",
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"paper_title": {
"ja": "P1-1-19 海岸クロマツ林の根系は石礫層でも成長速度を維持している(1-1 物質循環・動態 2021年度北海道大会)"
},
"authors": {
"ja": [
{
"name": "谷川 東子"
},
{
"name": "安江 恒"
},
{
"name": "松田 陽介"
},
{
"name": "池野 英利"
},
{
"name": "藤堂 千景"
},
{
"name": "山瀬 敬太郎"
},
{
"name": "大橋 瑞江"
},
{
"name": "檀浦 正子"
},
{
"name": "平野 恭弘"
}
]
},
"publisher": {
"ja": "一般社団法人 日本土壌肥料学会"
},
"publication_date": "2021-09-03",
"publication_name": {
"ja": "日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集"
},
"volume": "67",
"starting_page": "12",
"ending_page": "12",
"languages": [
"jpn"
],
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"identifiers": {
"doi": [
"10.20710/dohikouen.67.0_12_1"
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"0288-5840"
],
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"2424-0575"
],
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"130008125048"
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"1390853257564672256"
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"@id": "https://doi.org/10.20710/dohikouen.67.0_12_1",
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{
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"paper_title": {
"ja": "2020年7月に倒木化した岐阜県大湫町神明大杉の根系状況",
"en": "Root system of the giant Cryptomeria japonica tree collapsed at Shinmei shrine in Okute town, Gifu, in July 2020"
},
"authors": {
"ja": [
{
"name": "平野恭弘"
},
{
"name": "南光一樹"
},
{
"name": "土居龍成"
},
{
"name": "西村澪"
},
{
"name": "杁山哲矢"
},
{
"name": "谷川東子"
}
],
"en": [
{
"name": "Yasuhiro Hirano"
},
{
"name": "Kazuki Nanko"
},
{
"name": "Ryuusei Doi"
},
{
"name": "Rei Nishimura"
},
{
"name": "Tetsuya Iriyama"
},
{
"name": "Toko Tanikawa"
}
]
},
"published_paper_owner_roles": [
"last"
],
"publication_date": "2021-09",
"referee": true,
"published_paper_type": "scientific_journal",
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},
{
"@id": "https://api.researchmap.jp/read0208786/published_papers/33935985",
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"rm:modified": "2021-10-06T08:22:01Z",
"paper_title": {
"en": "Colonization status and community structure of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the coniferous tree, Cryptomeria japonica, with special reference to root orders"
},
"authors": {
"en": [
{
"name": "Yosuke Matsuda"
},
{
"name": "Kohei Kita"
},
{
"name": "Yudai Kitagami"
},
{
"name": "Toko Tanikawa"
}
]
},
"published_paper_owner_roles": [
"last"
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"description": {
"en": "Aims Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are intimately associated with fine roots and are involved in nutrient acquisition. However, little information is available on the links between roots of individual orders and fungus colonization and community structure. Our aim was to elucidate AM fungal communities in the fine root systems of the temperate coniferous tree species, Cryptomeria japonica (Cupressaceae). Methods We characterized the morphological traits of AM fungi microscopically and determined the community structure of AM fungi using metabarcoding with an Ion Torrent Personal Genome Machine (PGM) focusing on lower-order roots from first to third order roots. Results Paris-type and Arum-type AM morphologies were both generally more prevalent on first-order roots than on second- or third-order roots, but the colonization rates by the Paris type were higher than those by the Arum type. We found a total of 48 fungal operational taxonomic units dominated by Glomeraceae, and all the AM taxa detected on third order roots were also found on first and/or second order roots. In the case of the second and third orders, AM fungal communities were affected by soil conditions: electrical conductivity, pH, and N concentration. Conclusion These results suggest that the abundance and species richness of AM fungi vary among lower root order systems, and that the AM community is sensitive to soil conditions and turns over as roots age."
},
"publisher": {
"en": "SPRINGER"
},
"publication_date": "2021-09",
"publication_name": {
"en": "PLANT AND SOIL"
},
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"paper_title": {
"en": "Can ground-penetrating radar detect adjacent roots and rock fragments in forest soil?"
},
"authors": {
"en": [
{
"name": "Toko Tanikawa"
},
{
"name": "Hidetoshi Ikeno"
},
{
"name": "Keitaro Yamase"
},
{
"name": "Masako Dannoura"
},
{
"name": "Kenji Aono"
},
{
"name": "Yasuhiro Hirano"
}
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"en": "Aim Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) has been used for estimating root biomass, estimating pull-out resistance force of roots, and reconstructing root system architecture. Although GPR can estimate the diameter of a single root, it has not yet been verified whether it can successfully estimate the diameters of adjacent roots or whether rock fragments occurring in the soil matrix can be misidentified as roots. This study aimed to (1) evaluate the visual properties of GPR images of root bundles and rock fragments, and (2) clarify whether they have the potential to create non-negligible errors in GPR surveys. Methods Root bundle samples buried in a sandy soil bed were scanned using 900 MHz and 1500 MHz antennas. Sole roots of Cryptomeria japonica and rock fragments in the bed were also scanned. Results A bundle of root formed one hyperbola with an apex in the radar profile, like a sole root. However, the contrast of the hyperbolas was weak and GPR indices relating to diameter were reduced compared to those of the comparably sized sole root. Stones did not form clear images, but boulders were faintly visible with non-negligible GPR indices. Conclusions For evaluation of root biomass, adjacent roots had the potential to lead to significant errors. Similarly, in reconstructions of root system architecture, adjacent roots might lead to incorrect modelling of root point connections, because of incorrect diameters. For pull-out resistance force, adjacent roots could lead to only underestimation, i.e., safe-side error. Misidentification of rock fragments as roots depends on their sizes."
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"paper_title": {
"en": "Reconstruction of Conifer Root Systems Mapped with Point Cloud Data Obtained by 3D Laser Scanning Compared with Manual Measurement"
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"authors": {
"en": [
{
"name": "Chikage Todo"
},
{
"name": "Hidetoshi Ikeno"
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{
"name": "Keitaro Yamase"
},
{
"name": "Toko Tanikawa"
},
{
"name": "Mizue Ohashi"
},
{
"name": "Masako Dannoura"
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{
"name": "Toshifumi Kimura"
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{
"name": "Yasuhiro Hirano"
}
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"description": {
"en": "Three-dimensional (3D) root system architecture (RSA) is a predominant factor in anchorage failure in trees. Only a few studies have used 3D laser scanners to evaluate RSA, but they do not check the accuracy of measurements. 3D laser scanners can quickly obtain RSA data, but the data are collected as a point cloud with a large number of points representing surfaces. The point cloud data must be converted into a set of interconnected axes and segments to compute the root system traits. The purposes of this study were: (i) to propose a new method for easily obtaining root point data as 3D coordinates and root diameters from point cloud data acquired by 3D laser scanner measurement; and (ii) to compare the accuracy of the data from main roots with intensive manual measurement. We scanned the excavated root systems of two Pinus thunbergii Parl. trees using a 3D laser scanner and neuTube software, which was developed for reconstructing the neuronal structure, to convert the point cloud data into root point data for reconstructing RSA. The reconstruction and traits of the RSA calculated from point cloud data were similar in accuracy to intensive manual measurements. Roots larger than 7 mm in diameter were accurately measured by the 3D laser scanner measurement. In the proposed method, the root point data were connected as a frustum of cones, so the reconstructed RSAs were simpler than the 3D root surfaces. However, the frustum of cones still showed the main coarse root segments correctly. We concluded that the proposed method could be applied to reconstruct the RSA and calculate traits using point cloud data of the root system, on the condition that it was possible to model both the stump and ovality of root sections."
},
"publisher": {
"en": "MDPI"
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"publication_date": "2021-08",
"publication_name": {
"en": "FORESTS"
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"number": "8",
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"eng"
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"doi": [
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"1999-4907"
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"paper_title": {
"en": "A quantitative evaluation of soil mass held by tree roots"
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"authors": {
"en": [
{
"name": "Toko Tanikawa"
},
{
"name": "Hidetoshi Ikeno"
},
{
"name": "Chikage Todo"
},
{
"name": "Keitaro Yamase"
},
{
"name": "Mizue Ohashi"
},
{
"name": "Toru Okamoto"
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{
"name": "Takeo Mizoguchi"
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{
"name": "Katsuhiro Nakao"
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{
"name": "Shinji Kaneko"
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{
"name": "Atsushi Torii"
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{
"name": "Yoshiyuki Inagaki"
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{
"name": "Asami Nakanishi"
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{
"name": "Yasuhiro Hirano"
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"en": "Key message Tree roots hold soil that is dramatically heavier than the tree biomass, wet or dried. This soil might compensate for the imbalance between above- and belowground mass. Root-soil plates are recognized to play an important role in root anchorage of plate-like root system, however, actual measurements of their mass have rarely been reported. Even though the root-soil plate mass is often estimated using aboveground allometric indices, no research confirms the validity. Seven root-soil plates of Cryptomeria japonica fallen by Typhoon Jebi were divided into roots and soil, and their weights were directly measured. Mass of the seven plates ranged from 251 to 3070 kg on a dry basis. Roots accounted for 8% of total plate mass and soil for 92%. The mass of the soil held in the plates was 2.8 times greater than tree biomass. The root-to-shoot biomass ratio was 0.26, whereas the ratio of root-soil plate mass to shoot biomass was 3.9, meaning that the root-soil plate mass was much greater than aboveground biomass. These results suggest that the soil mass held in the plate is the main component of whole-tree mass including the plate. The root system holds soil weighing as much as 13 times the root system's mass. The soil might balance the aboveground weight of the tree by adding mass. Aboveground allometric indices are good indicators of root-soil plate mass and allow the belowground mass to be estimated to understand tree anchorage without soil disturbance."
},
"publisher": {
"en": "SPRINGER HEIDELBERG"
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"publication_date": "2021-04",
"publication_name": {
"en": "TREES-STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION"
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"volume": "35",
"number": "2",
"starting_page": "527",
"ending_page": "541",
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"eng"
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"doi": [
"10.1007/s00468-020-02054-y"
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"0931-1890"
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"1432-2285"
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"paper_title": {
"en": "Dynamics of soil reinforcement by roots in a regenerating coppice stand of Quercus serrata and effects on slope stability"
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"authors": {
"en": [
{
"name": "Keitaro Yamase"
},
{
"name": "Chikage Todo"
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{
"name": "Nobuyuki Torii"
},
{
"name": "Toko Tanikawa"
},
{
"name": "Tomonori Yamamoto"
},
{
"name": "Hidetoshi Ikeno"
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{
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{
"name": "Masako Dannoura"
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{
"name": "Yasuhiro Hirano"
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"description": {
"en": "Regeneration by sprouting in secondary forests is a necessary technique not only for the utilization of forest resources, but also for maintaining forest health by regrowth and avoiding slope instability caused by over-sized aboveground biomass. The strength of soil reinforcement by roots generally decreases during the tree death process in deforestation, such as clear-cutting, whereas root system strength temporarily decreases in trees that regenerate sprouting after cutting. However, quantitative evaluation of decreasing soil reinforcement by roots and slope stability has not been conducted during regeneration. In this study, we evaluated changes in the number of roots and root distribution up to 3 years after cutting in the regeneration process of Quercus serrata, a major dominant species of secondary forests in warm and cool temperate zones in Japan. We also estimated soil reinforcement by roots: additional cohesion from roots using the root bundle model, and slope stability based on a factor of safety by dividing the effect of the tree root system into vertical and horizontal cohesion with soil physical properties. After cutting at the height of approximately 0.2 m, the aboveground sprouting branches immediately regenerated, whereas the belowground root system gradually decayed. The additional cohesion from roots in trees before cutting was calculated as 34.6 kPa, whereas it decreased significantly to 21.7 kPa in living stumps 3 years after cutting. The value for the factor of safety with a saturated soil thickness of 0.7 m was calculated as 1.20 in soil under trees before cutting, whereas it decreased significantly to 1.11 in soil under living stumps in the 3 years after cutting. The safety factor?s value to 0.99 in soil under dead stumps, which did not regenerate sprouts within 3 years after cutting. We concluded that the probability of slope failure was significantly greater in the dead stumps than in the living stumps and could vary depending on the dynamics of above and below-ground parts, including fine roots."
},
"publisher": {
"en": "ELSEVIER"
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"publication_date": "2021-04",
"publication_name": {
"en": "ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING"
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"doi": [
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"paper_title": {
"ja": "たくさんのイオウを捕まえて放さない火山灰土",
"en": "たくさんのイオウを捕まえて放さない火山灰土"
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"ja": [
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"ja": "樹木と土壌が相互に影響しあって作り出す土壌劣化ベクトル"
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"ja": "森の根の生態学"
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"ja": "樹木根の土壌化"
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"en": "Fine roots release a greater amount of acidic materials than leaves during decomposition"
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"ja": "人工林において植物―土壌間相互作用が作り出す土壌生態系"
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"ja": "日本の森林には4属10種のヒノキ科が分布しており,その中でスギは日本を代表する造林樹種であり,森林面積の18%を占めている.本年度は土壌条件の異なるスギ林分において主に以下の2つの調査,実験を進めた.いずれの調査も中日本に位置する5県(三重、大阪、兵庫、福井、石川県)7林分で実施し,そこから土壌を採取して実験1と2に用いた.\n1 異なる酸性土壌のスギ林分に生息するAM菌群集の解明\nスギの細根内には,アーバスキュラー菌根菌(以下 AM菌)が定着するが,関わる分類群の研究は限られておりAM菌群集の情報は不明である.そこで本実験では,樹木細根に定着するAM菌の分類属性を解明するため,スギ細根に関わるAM菌のDNA解析を行った.細根内のAM菌を推定するため核リボソームのSSU領域の部分塩基配列を決定した.その後,Blast解析により得られた配列の分類群(Virtual Taxa)の推定をおこなった.現在のところ,三重県の2調査地から192,192コロニーを用いて,300bp以上の181,172配列を取得した.各配列を97%の相同性で大別すると,353配列から55分類群を得た.\n2 スギ根圏に生息する線虫群集の解明\n森林土壌やリターに線虫が生息しており,微生物の摂食を通して物質循環と生態系の維持に寄与する.しかし,日本ではマツ材線虫病を除き,線虫に関する分類群とその分布に関しては未解明である.そこで本実験では,スギのリターと土壌に由来する線虫群集を調べた.リター50 mlと生土60 gから分離された線虫を光学顕微鏡観察して属レベルに類別し,5つの機能群(細菌食,真菌食,植食,肉食,雑食)に大別した.全調査地から55属が検出され,細菌食性22属,真菌食性5属,植物食性12属,肉食性10属,雑食性6属に類別された."
},
"identifiers": {
"grant_number": [
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]
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"ja": "スギ林・ヒノキ林の土壌がもつカルシウム貯蔵効率"
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"ja": "海岸クロマツ林の根系が硬い土壌層を突き抜けるためにかかる時間の推定"
},
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"ja": "豊秋奨学会"
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"total_cost": "1100000",
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"ja": [
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"name": "谷川東子 平野恭弘 安江恒"
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},
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"ja": "名古屋大学大学院生命農学研究科・名古屋大学大学院環境学研究科・信州大学農学部"
},
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"research_project_title": {
"ja": "肥沃でもなく酸性化も進んでいない土壌の20年後の姿",
"en": "Changes of fertility or acidity during two decades in soils that had neither exchangeable aluminum nor exchangeable base cations."
},
"investigators": {
"ja": [
{
"name": "谷川東子"
},
{
"name": "大大学院生命農学"
},
{
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},
{
"name": "西村澪"
},
{
"name": "伊藤嘉昭"
},
{
"name": "リガク"
},
{
"name": "福島整"
},
{
"name": "神戸工業試験場"
},
{
"name": "山下満"
},
{
"name": "兵庫県立工業技術センタ"
},
{
"name": "矢崎一史"
},
{
"name": "京都大学生存圏研究所"
},
{
"name": "杉山暁史"
},
{
"name": "京都大学生存圏研究所"
},
{
"name": "岡本透"
},
{
"name": "森林総研関西"
},
{
"name": "平野恭弘"
}
]
},
"offer_organization": {
"ja": "京都大学"
},
"system_name": {
"ja": "生存圏科学ミッション研究"
},
"from_date": "2020",
"to_date": "2020-03",
"research_project_owner_role": "principal_investigator",
"overall_grant_amount": {
"indirect_cost": "0",
"total_cost": "210000",
"direct_cost": "210000"
},
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"is_international_collaboration": false,
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"@id": "http://www.rish.kyoto-u.ac.jp/projects/mr202011/",
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}
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"research_project_title": {
"ja": "コウヨウザンが80年間で土壌に貯留した養分は、日本の従来の植栽樹種のそれに匹敵するか?"
},
"offer_organization": {
"ja": "京都大学"
},
"system_name": {
"ja": "生存圏科学 ミッション研究"
},
"institution_name": {
"ja": "京都大学生存圏研究所"
},
"from_date": "2019-07",
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"rm:modified": "2021-11-13T03:56:47Z",
"research_project_title": {
"ja": "土壌環境に触発された細根動態が駆動する土壌酸性化のメカニズムの実証",
"en": "Understanding of the mechanism of soil acidification driven by fine root dynamics inspired by the soil environment"
},
"investigators": {
"ja": [
{
"name": "谷川 東子"
},
{
"name": "平野 恭弘"
},
{
"name": "松田 陽介"
},
{
"name": "真家 永光"
}
],
"en": [
{
"name": "Tanikawa Toko"
},
{
"name": "Maie Nagamitsu"
}
]
},
"offer_organization": {
"ja": "日本学術振興会",
"en": "Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"
},
"system_name": {
"ja": "科学研究費助成事業 基盤研究(B)",
"en": "Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)"
},
"category": {
"ja": "基盤研究(B)",
"en": "Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)"
},
"institution_name": {
"ja": "国立研究開発法人森林研究・整備機構",
"en": "Forest Research and Management Organization"
},
"from_date": "2015-04-01",
"to_date": "2019-03-31",
"overall_grant_amount": {
"indirect_cost": "3690000",
"total_cost": "15990000",
"direct_cost": "12300000"
},
"description": {
"ja": "土壌酸性化が進んでいるスギ林では、土壌―植物間のカルシウム循環量が小さいために、土壌酸性化を抑制する交換性カルシウムが貯留しがたいと考えられた。またそのようなスギ林では細根量が高いこと、スギ・ヒノキ細根形態は土壌環境に応じて変動すること、ヒノキ細根呼吸量は形態が変わると変化することを明らかにした。これらの結果は、細根は土壌環境に敏感に反応し、形態と生理活性を変化させることを意味する。また細根が枯死した後、その分解過程で放出される酸は、葉のそれより多いことを室内実験で明らかにした。\n以上の研究から、土壌酸性度に触発された細根増産は、より多くの酸を土壌にもたらす可能性が示された。",
"en": "Soils with high acid buffering capacity (ABC) circulated sufficient amounts of calcium (Ca), whereas Ca circulation was tightly regulated in soils with low ABC in C. japonica forest stands. The lack of Ca accumulation in the surface soil might cause further reduction of ABC in the low-ABC soils. Moreover, the biomass of fine roots was significantly higher in low-ABC soils than in high-ABC soils at C. japonica stands. Morphology of fine roots varied among the stands in response to soil environments. Fine root respiration of C. obtusa might be caused by the morphology. An incubation experiment indicated that fine root litter released a greater amount of acidic materials than leaf litter during their decomposition processes. These results suggest that fine root behaviors in response to the soil environment shift soil chemistry."
},
"identifiers": {
"grant_number": [
"15H04519"
]
},
"see_also": [
{
"label": "url",
"@id": "https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/file/KAKENHI-PROJECT-15H04519/15H04519seika.pdf"
}
]
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"research_project_title": {
"ja": "根系成長確保による高い津波耐性を特長とする盛土を伴う海岸林造成の技術的指針の策定"
},
"offer_organization": {
"ja": "森林総合研究所"
},
"system_name": {
"ja": "森林総合研究所交付金プロジェクト"
},
"from_date": "2017",
"to_date": "2019",
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"research_project_title": {
"ja": "頻発する大規模山火事に駆動される物質循環プロセスの解明:植生-土壌系の再精査",
"en": "Understanding plant-soil linkages following large-scale wildfires"
},
"investigators": {
"ja": [
{
"name": "武田 博清"
},
{
"name": "谷川 東子"
},
{
"name": "森 章"
}
],
"en": [
{
"name": "Takeda Hiroshi"
}
]
},
"offer_organization": {
"ja": "日本学術振興会",
"en": "Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"
},
"system_name": {
"ja": "科学研究費助成事業 基盤研究(B)",
"en": "Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)"
},
"category": {
"ja": "基盤研究(B)",
"en": "Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)"
},
"institution_name": {
"ja": "同志社大学",
"en": "Doshisha University"
},
"from_date": "2015-04-01",
"to_date": "2018-03-31",
"overall_grant_amount": {
"indirect_cost": "2910000",
"total_cost": "12610000",
"direct_cost": "9700000"
},
"description": {
"ja": "近年の全球的な温暖化に伴い、山火事の規模・頻度が増大している。山火事後の植生回復は、陸域における炭素動態を規定する主要因である。しかしながら、山火事攪乱後の植生回復を支える土壌代謝プロセスについては、きわめて限られた知見しかない。本研究では、山火事後の養分循環における土壌と植物の関わりに着目することで、これまでの陸域生態系の炭素動態の知見を一新する可能性を秘めた地下部養分動態の詳細を検証した。",
"en": "Ongoing climatic warming has triggered large-scale wildfires in many regions, which have a large potential to modify carbon dynamics in terrestrial ecosystems. Vegetation recovery following crown fires is one of the most dominant factor that determine carbon cycling. However, post-fire soil properties have been less focused in terms of their contributions to support plant growth and thus vegetation development. Here, based on intensive field works, , this study aimed to quantify biotic and abiotic properties of soil, including belowground plant materials left after fires, and how they are involved in recovery of post-fire ecosystems."
},
"identifiers": {
"grant_number": [
"15H05250"
]
},
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"label": "url",
"@id": "https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/file/KAKENHI-PROJECT-15H05250/15H05250seika.pdf"
}
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"research_project_title": {
"ja": "減災の観点から樹木根系の広がりを非破壊的に評価する方法の確立",
"en": "Non-destructive estimation of tree root system to mitigate natural disaster"
},
"investigators": {
"ja": [
{
"name": "平野 恭弘"
},
{
"name": "谷川 東子"
},
{
"name": "大橋 瑞江"
},
{
"name": "池野 英利"
},
{
"name": "檀浦 正子"
},
{
"name": "山瀬 敬太郎"
}
],
"en": [
{
"name": "HIRANO Yasuhiro"
}
]
},
"offer_organization": {
"ja": "日本学術振興会",
"en": "Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"
},
"system_name": {
"ja": "科学研究費助成事業 基盤研究(A)",
"en": "Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)"
},
"category": {
"ja": "基盤研究(A)",
"en": "Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)"
},
"institution_name": {
"ja": "名古屋大学",
"en": "Nagoya University"
},
"from_date": "2013-04-01",
"to_date": "2018-03-31",
"overall_grant_amount": {
"indirect_cost": "9450000",
"total_cost": "40950000",
"direct_cost": "31500000"
},
"description": {
"ja": "樹木根系の高い減災効果を期待するために、根の広がりと強度を評価する必要がある。本研究の目的は、地中レーダを用いて土を掘らずに根の広がりを推定し、それらを用いて根の強度を非破壊的に推定する方法を提案することである。\n地表面リターの厚さやレーダ探査角度は根の検出の制限要因となった。海岸林クロマツの根の広がり、特に水平根系は地中レーダにより精度高く推定できた。地下水位の高いクロマツでは浅い根系が確認された。根系の引き倒し抵抗力は根鉢深さと関係があった。地中レーダを用いた根直径の推定から根の強度を推定する手法が示唆された。",
"en": "Evaluation of development and resistance of tree root system is needed to enhance the effect of mitigation disaster in forest ecosystems. This study aimed to estimate development of root system using ground penetrating radar (GPR) and further to propose the method for estimating root system resistance nondestructively.\nThickness of leaf litter and angle between root growth and radar scanning are limiting factors for tree root detection using GPR. Development of horizontal root systems in coastal Pinus thunbergii could be estimated using GPR. Plate root systems were found in soils with shallower water table. Critical turning moments were significantly correlated with the depth of root-soil plate. The results in this study can propose a nondestructive method to estimate of root system resistance using estimated root diameter by GPR."
},
"identifiers": {
"grant_number": [
"25252027"
]
},
"see_also": [
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